The Preozonation of Phenolic Aqueous Solution and Its Effect on the Improvement of Coagulation Treatment

Phenolic solutions are difficult to treat with coagulation processes because phenol is well soluble in water. However, with suitable preozonation, the ozonized organic components can be removed more effectively by coagulation processes. In order to avoid excessive preozonation, a good control on the degree of preozonation is crucial for practical applications. The degree of preozonation of phenolic solution was evaluated by measuring the phenol decomposition rate, ADMI value and ozone outlet concentration during the ozonation. Three characteristic times were observed, namely (1) ADMI value reaches the peak value during preozonation, (2) the ozone outlet concentration starts increasing, and (3) the ADMI value reaches the discharge standard (500 value, EPA Taiwan). These characteristic times provide the useful means as real-time control parameters on the extent of preozonation. The results of HPLC and GPC show that phenol is almost completely decomposed after 43?min of preozonation. The major components after preozonation are oxalic acid and coupling compounds. The preozonized solution, containing phenol decomposition products, was then subjected to coagulation treatments. The coagulation behavior of preozonized solution is dependent on the extent of preozonation. Three types of coagulant were investigated, namely alum, ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and poly aluminum chloride (PAC). Both PAC and FeCl₃ are effective coagulants for COD removal. As an example, phenol solution (initial phenol concentration=300?mg/L, C _{O 3},i=20?mg/L) was preozonized for 50 minutes, followed by FeCl₃ coagulation treatment. After preozonation and coagulation processes, the total COD and ADMI removal rates are as high as 70% and 80%, respectively. Most of the coupling compounds and oxalic acid are removed by the coagulant.     

The kinetics of gasification of carbon deposited on nickel catalysts

The kinetics of gasification of carbon deposited on nickel foils and nickel-alumina catalysts by steam, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are reported for the temperature range 450–850°C. At atmospheric pressure steam is the most effective gasifying agent. In all cases, the kinetic data obtained at lower temperatures (below 600°C) is consistent with control of the process by the chemical reaction. As the temperature increases, the rates of gasification by steam and carbon dioxide are limited by mass transfer effects. The concentration of methane near reaction sites affects the rate of hydrogen gasification above 650°C.     

资源综合利用现状和展望

简介资源综合利用的内容和现状;分析了“工业废渣”综合利用的国内外发展状况,提出了建立“环保产业”的初步想法。     

I3WSN: Industrial Intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks for indoor environments

Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) technologies have been successfully applied to a great variety of outdoor scenarios but, in practical terms, little effort has been applied for indoor environments, and even less in the field of industrial applications. This article presents an intelligent SWE application for an indoor and industrial scenario, with the aim of improving and increasing the levels of human safety. The base low-level architecture is built on top of wireless sensor networks (WSN) connected to a Sensor Observation Service (SOS). Higher layers in the architecture include services that make real time decisions based on the collected data. Both simulation and experimental results are presented. The paper shows the viability of our approach in terms of performance, scalability, modularity and safety.     

Studies of microhardness and mar resistance using a scanning probe microscope

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is in a period of rapid development. It shows great promise for characterizing coating surfaces. This paper describes modification of an SPM so that it can be used to mar the surfaces of coatings under controlled conditions and to characterize the mars. Mar resistance of coatings is analyzed in terms of a ‘three response, two mechanism model.' The three responses (fracture, elastic, and plastic) can be measured quantitatively using the SPM. Of the three responses, only two (fracture and plastic deformation) are marring mechanisms – elastic deformations recover instantaneously. In some cases mars resulting from plastic deformation may recover slowly with time or with immersion in water; this phenomenon is attributed to viscoelastic creep. Microhardness is also measured with the modified SPM. Some thermoset coatings appear to be substantially harder near their surfaces than in the mass of material, and such materials may respond quite differently to stress applied at different levels near the surface. This finding has important implications for all coating properties that are strongly influenced by the surface. A quantity called ‘micro mar resistance' is defined. It may be useful for comparing different coatings under specified conditions of marring. However, there can be no single quantity that expresses ‘mar resistance' of a coating under all conditions.     

上海化学工业区的建设必须依托深水海港的开发

分析上海港目前特定的环境和制约因素，指出上海化学工业区的建设必须依托深水海港的开发，提出舟山群岛中的大衢山是建设深水港岛的理想基地，并作了与上海陆地联系的设想。     

工业控制系统信息安全风险评估量化研究

为解决工控系统的信息安全风险量化评估问题,提出了基于模糊层次分析法的工业控制系统信息安全风险评估方法。结合工控系统特点,构造了层次结构模型,引入了模糊一致矩阵计算各要素相对重要性权值,克服了层次分析法需多次进行一次性检验问题;自下而上对工控系统风险进行模糊综合评判,并将评判结果反模糊化,得出了风险的精确值。实例表明,该方法能合理有效地量化控制系统风险,为工业控制系统风险管理决策提供了依据。     

用于复合材料缺陷可视化检测的l_1正则化算法

随着复合材料在民用飞机中越来越广泛的应用,复合材料缺陷的在线检测对无损检测技术提出了更高要求。为提高平面电容层析成像(ECT)系统的成像质量,从而提高其对复合材料缺陷的检测精度,对基于l1正则化的成像算法进行了研究。采用交替最小化方法进行数值计算,并结合迭代阈值法,对重建图像进行降噪。试验结果表明,与ECT中常用的Landweber、Tikhonov正则化等算法相比,该方法能够有效分辨物场中的不同介质,提高了成像质量和被测物体边缘分辨率。     

数据采集系统在中间试验工厂的开发与应用

基于中间试验工厂设备多而杂的特点,为了提升中间试验工厂的管理能力和设备利用率,对中间试验工厂的设备功能进行了研究,提出了基于Framework的分布式系统方案。在方案实施中,对与Framework系统不兼容的设备进行了改造升级,成功实现了各种不同接口设备生产数据的采集。并在此基础上开发出了专用的数据采集系统,为中间试验工厂的设备运行、科研调度提供了有力的技术支撑,同时也为其他钢厂设备的引进和数据采集系统的建立提供了可以借鉴的经验。     

生化处理系统抗硝基苯废水冲击性的研究及工业应用

硝基苯污染物被列入国家危险废物名录,国家对其规定了严格的排放标准;硝基苯污染物的生物降解难度较大,质量浓度高的污染物会给污水处理装置的正常运行带来影响。作者针对发生硝基苯污染事故后硝基苯可能对生化处理系统的冲击开展试验研究,并应用该研究成果指导高质量浓度污染物的处理。